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Council of People's Commissars
The Council of People's Commissars ((ロシア語:Совет народных коммиссаров or Совнарком), translit. ''Soviet narodnykh kommissarov'' or Sovnarkom, also as generic SNK) was a government institution formed shortly after the October Revolution in 1917. Created in the Russian Republic the council laid foundations in restructuring the country to form the Soviet Union. It evolved to become the highest government authority of executive power under the Soviet system in states which came under the control of Bolsheviks.
Leon Trotsky devised the names ''commissar'' and ''council'' to avoid the more "bourgeois" terms ''minister'' and ''cabinet''. The 1918 Constitution of the RSFSR formalised the role of the Sovnarkom of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR): it was to be responsible to the Congress of Soviets for the "general administration of the affairs of the state". The constitution enabled the Sovnarkom to issue decrees carrying the full force of law when the Congress was not in session. The Congress then routinely approved these decrees at its next session.
When the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was established in December 1922, the USSR Sovnarkom was modelled on the RSFSR Sovnarkom. It was transformed in 1946 into the Council of Ministers.
==Original People's Commissars==
The first council elected by the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets was composed as follows:
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